While scientists routinely use sea-surface temperature data collected by satellites to predict the temperature-driven stress on reef communities, a new research shows that surface measurements alone may not accurately predict the full extent of thermal stress on deeper corals.The findings appeared in the Journal of Geophysical Research Letters.
"In addition to looking at sea-surface temperature data collected by global satellites, the scientists used a network of reef temperature recorders maintained by CRRF divers in key locations across Palau down to depths of 90 meters (295 feet).Corals at this depth are thought of by some in the science community as being safer from ocean warming than their shallow-water counterparts.(Source) end-of Tags: corals, thermal stress. But according to the Scripps Oceanography team, even in the deep, corals are episodically exposed to thermal stress at intervals different than those corals near the surface. Schramek developed an algorithm to apply the accepted coral stress algorithms to depths that included the deeper mesophotic, typically thought to be a refuge from thermal stress.
The researchers said that they hope these results will instigate more temperature stress event surveys to better understand the mesophotic zone in Palau and other tropical regions.By coupling sea level and sea temperature data sets, Schramek found that the height of the ocean surface is a strong indicator of how water temperatures are changing tens of meters below. If we can better understand how they&China synthetic rubber39;re stressed, then we can better understand how to protect them. We see that the heat-induced stress penetrates all the way # into the mesophotic zone during larger bleaching events.
The researchers utilized nearly two decades of data sets, including sea level, sea-surface temperature, and temperature observations that ranged between the surface and deep into the mesophotic zone, to develop a forecast tool for the vertical extent of how corals will be stressed by temperature.For nearly 20 years, a small team has conducted weekly dives at locations across Palau as part of a long-term temperature-monitoring program. He and the team then further used this data to predict the temperatures experienced by coral reefs living near the surface, as well as those living in deeper waters.
This research was conducted at three reef locations around the island nation of Palau, located in the tropical Pacific Ocean."A surprising outcome of the study is that the oceanic conditions along the dramatic reef walls that are the boundaries of Palau are very representative of the broader Western Pacific," said Eric Terrill, an oceanographer.
A new study describes a novel approach for predicting warm temperature-induced stress on corals from the sea surface through a deeper expanse ranging from 30-150 meters (100-500 feet) known as the mesophotic zone.PhD candidate Travis Schramek, lead author of the study said, "We're now adding the dimension of depth into the problem where before we were only skimming the surface of what temperature stress meant for corals."The team's new insights on how to predict temperature stress on deep corals may contribute to a better understanding of the entire reef system as a whole, which could inform conservation and policy efforts to protect this valuable and diverse ecosystem."Schramek said, "Now that we've observed this ecosystem in a unique way, we can start to better assess how corals in the mesophotic zone are stressed. The observations showed that deeper zones are showing bleaching coincident with the higher temperatures, right along with shallow reefs.He added, "As a result, we had a surprising amount of success in predicting the vertical structure of the temperature fields that the coral communities would be exposed to, even during El Niño conditions
"Good policy is the first line of defence including our focus on controlling fiscal deficits, reforms like the Bankruptcy Code and Aadhaar, and our steady fight against inflation," he added. The Indian government has been working hard to fasten the GDP growth and aspiring to take it to the double-digit mark from the current 7.
He called central banks around the world to "start thinking more internationally" and stressed on the need to "start discussing new rules of the monetary policy game in the international setting. The country has also taken other additional measures like control inflows, intervening in the foreign exchange market as a macro prudential measure to reduce volatility, and maintaining sufficient foreign exchange reserves to be able to withstand a sudden stop in capital inflows, Rajan said.
"Given great uncertainty about outlook and policies of others in these times, a country like India should try to take sensible measures without getting too ambitious, as we have done so far," Rajan said, delivering the Mahtab Memorial Lecture in Bhubaneswar late last evening. "Easy and unconventional monetary policy in industrial countries could increasingly be a part of the problem," the academic-turned-central banker said and reiterated this creates problems around capital flows for emerging markets.5 per cent in the medium term."
As such a goal will take years, an emerging country like India should focus on macro-stabilisation, building buffers and reducing vulnerabilities, Rajan said. Rajan said the world is growing "extremely slowly", with the factors differing from one country to other and termed notions of a de-coupling of growth between industrial countries and emerging markets as "illusory". It has, however, adhered to key targets like the fiscal deficit number and also made inflation-targeting a key objective for the central bank. "This will serve as a sound basis for strong and sustainable Indian growth as China Rubber Insoluble sulphur suppliers the world economy picks up," Rajan, whose remarks comparing the Indian economy with an one-eyed king in a blind world led to a controversy, added. Mumbai: RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan has said India should restrain itself from being "too ambitious" at a time when the world is full of uncertainties and instead focus on sensible policies to ensure a sustainable economic growth.The Indian government has been working hard to fasten the GDP growth
British and Russian officials meanwhile faced off at a closed-door meeting of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for the first time since the poisoning of the Skripals on March 4.A diplomatic source who asked not to be named told AFP that Russia had tabled a motion asking the OPCW to "involve Russia in some way or another in the investigation.The Kremlin has demanded an apology from British Prime Minister Theresa May and her government for implicating Putin in the attack, saying this "idiocy has gone too far.British authorities say the Skripals were poisoned with the Soviet-designed nerve agent Novichok."Russia tackifying resin ambassador to the Netherlands and deputy minister for industry and trade Georgy Kalamanov attended, along with British chemical weapons expert and acting permanent representative to OPCW John Foggo.Britain has said it is "highly # likely" that Russia was responsible for the attack on the Skripals but Moscow has angrily denied any involvement."
Russian Federation, Moscow (City), Moscow.That was a reference to the 1962 standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war."The OPCW's experts have taken samples from the site in Salisbury and sent them to certified laboratories for analysis but are still awaiting the results. Moscow hailed that as a vindication of its repeated denials of involvement.. New Iron Curtain Russia accused the West of wanting to put up a new Iron Curtain and warned of a return to the mutual isolation of the Cold War. For Washington, "fighting the non-existent so-called Russian threat has become a real fixation," foreign intelligence chief Naryshkin said.Moscow: Russia on Wednesday accused British and US secret services of being behind the poisoning of a Russian former double agent as the world's chemical weapons watchdog held a closed-door meeting on the incident at Moscow's request. He urged the need "to stop the use of force in relations between states, not to bring matters to a new Cuban Missile Crisis".
"It has reached such proportions and developed such ludicrous characteristics, that it's time to talk about the return of the grim times of the Cold War.He also warned that Moscow and the West must avoid escalating their current standoff to the dangerous levels reached at the height of Cold War.Under the rules of the Chemical Weapons Convention it is up to Britain to lead the inquiry, with technical assistance from the OPCW which is acting in a "totally independent manner," the source said.
The British defence laboratory analysing the nerve agent said Tuesday that it could not say whether it came from Russia. that was crudely concocted by the British and American security services" with the intention of implicating Russia.Russian foreign intelligence chief Sergei Naryshkin in a speech in Moscow said the poisoning of ex-spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia with a nerve agent was a "grotesque provocation.The meeting in The Hague was held on Moscow's request to discuss the Skripal poisoning while an inquiry is still ongoing.Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Tuesday that he hoped the meeting would draw a line under the incident but Britain's foreign ministry called it a "diversionary tactic intended to undermine the work of the OPCW.""Seized by fear of changes, the West is ready to put up a new Iron Curtain around itself," he claimed in punchy rhetoric
IAS officer Ashok Kumar Garg has been posted by the EC as new RO of the Faridabad constituency.
The Election Commission of India on Monday suspended the presiding officer Asoti in Faridabad and ordered repolling at the booth after it was found that a polling agent had forced a voter to press button for the BJP during polling on Sunday.
“An FIR was lodged under secion 171 C (undue influence at elections) and 188 (disobedience to order duly promulgated by a public servant) of IPC and section 135 of RP Act, 1951 against the polling agent Mr. He was arrested following a complaint by the Election Commission and subsequently released on bail.Taking a serious note of failure to take immediate action on the incident, the poll body said the Returning Officer 10 of Faridabad constituency has been transferred out from present posting.
The Faridabad election office had on Sunday said that the polling agent who was trying to influence voters was arrested on Sunday.Keep yourself updated on Lok Sabha Elections 2019 with our round-the-clock coverage -- breaking news, updates, analyses et al. end-of Tags: election commission of india, faridabad constituency Location: India, Delhi, New Delhi. The presiding office Amit Atri has been placed under suspension for the dereliction of duty and criminal action is also being initiated against the Presiding officer.
The incident took place at Asawati village in the Faridabad parliamentary constituency where polling was held on May 12.“On enquiry by the Observer, the complaint was found to be true. Giriraj Singh. In Delhi, Election Commissioner Ashok Lavasa said the polling agent was arrested on Sunday.A BJP polling agent has been arrested rubber Tackifying Resins for allegedly trying to influence voters at the polling booth after a video of the purported act went viral, officials said. The micro observer Sonal Gulati has not reported the incident correctly for which the commission has barred her from any election related work for three years,” the EC added. It was reported that he tried to influence at least three women voters asking them to vote for the BJP. Happy reading. Commission has therefore ordered a fresh poll at this polling station on 19th of May 2019,” the EC said in a statement
Since radio signals travel at the speed of light, that means we need to measure their time-of-flight to a precision of a few nanoseconds," said Ely.For 20 years, NASA anti fatigue agent factory Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in the US has been perfecting the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC), an instrument being built for deep space exploration.
The innovation will allow ground stations to track multiple satellites at once near areas like Mars, crowded with NASA science missions. Doing this in space is what DSAC is all about," he said. Ground antennas send narrowly focused signals to spacecraft which return the signal.Once DSAC has proven the technology, future missions can use its # technology enhancements. For example, a ground station must wait for the spacecraft to return a signal, so a station can only track one spacecraft at a time.
This method, though reliable, could be made much more efficient. The clock promises increased tracking data quantity and improved tracking data quality. An Atomic Clock, GPS Receiver and Ultra Stable Oscillator make up the Deep Space Atomic Clock Payload and is integrated into the middle bay of Surrey Satellite US Orbital Test Bed Spacecraft. Spacecraft using this new technology could use a signal sent from Earth to calculate a position without returning the signal and waiting for commands from the ground, a process that can take hours. This paradigm shift enables spacecraft to focus on mission objectives rather than adjusting their position to point antennas earthward to close a link for two-way tracking. Most missions rely on ground-based antennas paired with atomic clocks for navigation. While in orbit, the DSAC mission will use the navigation signals from US GPS coupled with precise knowledge of GPS satellite orbits and clocks to confirm DSAC's performance.
The DSAC project aims to provide accurate onboard timekeeping for future NASA missions.The DSAC test flight will take this technology from the laboratory to the space environment."Atomic clocks have done this routinely on the ground for decades.Timely location data and onboard control allow for more efficient operations, more precise manoeuvring and adjustments to unexpected situations. Coupling DSAC with onboard radio navigation could ensure that future exploration missions have the navigation data needed to send humans back to the moon and traverse the solar system. NASA uses the difference in time between sending a signal and receiving a response to calculate the spacecraft'slocation, velocity and path.NASA is planning to send its new deep space atomic clock on a flight aboard a spacecraft, to test the system's ability to provide accurate onboard timekeeping for future missions.
The demonstration should confirm that DSAC can maintain time accuracy to better than two nanoseconds over a day, witha goal of achieving 0."Navigating in deep space requires measuring vast distances using our knowledge of how radio signals propagate in space," said Todd Ely of JPL, DSAC's principal investigator.3 nanosecond accuracy. "Navigating routinely requires distance measurements accurate to a meter or better
